This is the Scientific Surgery Archive, which contains all randomized clinical trials in surgery that have been identified by searching the top 50 English language medical journal issues since January 1998. Compiled by Jonothan J. Earnshaw, former Editor-in-Chief, BJS
Long‐term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short‐course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer. BJS 2006; 93: 1215-1223.
Published: 19th September 2006
Authors: K. Bujko, M. P. Nowacki, A. Nasierowska‐Guttmejer, W. Michalski, M. Bebenek, M. Kryj et al.
Background
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy does not alter anal sphincter preservation or postoperative complications compared with short‐course radiotherapy alone in patients with clinical stage T3 or T4 resectable rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare survival, local control and late toxicity in the two treatment groups.
Method
The study randomized 312 patients to receive either preoperative irradiation (25 Gy in five fractions of 5 Gy) and surgery within 7 days or chemoradiation (50·4 Gy in 28 fractions of 1·8 Gy, bolus 5‐fluorouracil and leucovorin) and surgery 4–6 weeks later. The median follow‐up of living patients was 48 (range 31–69) months.
Results
Early radiation toxicity was higher in the chemoradiation group (18·2 versus 3·2 per cent; P < 0·001). The actuarial 4‐year overall survival was 67·2 per cent in the short‐course group and 66·2 per cent in the chemoradiation group (P = 0·960). Disease‐free survival was 58·4 versus 55·6 per cent (P = 0·820), crude incidence of local recurrence was 9·0 versus 14·2 per cent (P = 0·170) and severe late toxicity was 10·1 versus 7·1 per cent (P = 0·360) respectively.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation did not increase survival, local control or late toxicity compared with short‐course radiotherapy alone. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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