What area of the body is being transilluminated?

A 33-year-old woman on the oral contraceptive pill presented with severe abdominal pain. What is the cause of small bowel ischaemia?

A 34-year-old woman who was breastfeeding presented with 2 weeks of worsening left breast pain, swelling and erythema. What is the complication to be aware of during and after incision and drainage?

This patient had undergone distal pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer, including resection of the coeliac trunk and portal vein. The portal vein was reconstructed with an artificial prosthesis. What has happened?

A member of the theatre team had a superficial injury to her leg from the spike of a circular stapler (CDH series, Ethicon Endosurgery, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) that has protruded through a sharps bin (a). Here, the surgeon did not retract the spike before disposal in an overfilled bin. All team members must take care when disposing of circular staplers, beginning with the surgeon retracting the spike immediately after checking the tissue ‘doughnuts’ (b).

What is the diagnosis in this endoscopic image, and how should it be managed? The bleeding was caused by tissue friability.

This patient presented with appendicitis. What is the diagnosis and how should it be managed?

What is causing pyloric obstruction in this 58-year-old woman?

This 50-year-old woman, with no previous abdominal surgery, presented with symptoms of intestinal obstruction for 3 days. Since the age of 16 years she had experienced recurrent abdominal colic. What is the cause of intestinal obstruction here?

A 35-year-old man underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy for perforated acute appendicitis. A drain was placed via the suprapubic trocar at the end of surgery. After operation, the urinary catheter bag was found to be filled with air. What is the diagnosis?

What is this abdominal lesion in a 78-year-old man having surveillance for colorectal malignancy?

A 26-year-old army recruit collapsed with profuse rectal bleeding. What is this finding at operation?

What is the diagnosis and why was resection needed?

What is the cause of these liver capsule adhesions found during laparoscopy?

What type of hernia is this, shown on the CT scan (left) and operative illustration (right)?

This 49-year-old woman presented with a palpable, painless femoral mass. What is this finding at laparoscopy?

What is this lesion that caused ileocaecal intussusception?

What syndrome does this 45-year-old patient with jejunojejunal intussusception and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation have?

A 48-year-old woman was referred with anaemia and a history of intermittent melaena, but with normal upper gastrointestinal and capsule endoscopy findings. What is the abnormality shown on the intraoperative image below?

A 50-year-old woman underwent exploratory laparotomy for progressive abdominal distension. What is the diagnosis?

This woman presented at age 55 years with subcutaneous lumps all over her body and associated weight loss. Diagnosis was made through biopsy. What is the diagnosis?

While performing a laparoscopic colonic resection for cancer, the structure shown was found in the lesser pelvis of a male patient (a as encountered, b after transection by the pathologist). What is it?

This man presented with central chest pain after prolonged vomiting. What has happened to his oesophagus?

A 45-year-old alcoholic man presented with acute epigastric pain spreading across the whole abdomen. What is the likely cause?

This 3-year-old Nigerian boy has a history of fever for 10 days, diarrhoea, and a painful, tender and distended abdomen. What is the cause of the findings in the figure?

Where is the gallbladder during this laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

A 21-year-old man presented with 1-day history of central abdominal pain, confirmed on CT as small bowel obstruction. What condition is shown in the image and what could be the cause?

What is the abnormality depicted in this brachial artery?

A 28-year-old man was hit by a car while travelling on his scooter at 30 m.p.h. On initial assessment in the accident and emergency department he had multiple fractures. The CT scan below was taken as part of a trauma series. What is the diagnosis, and how should the condition be treated?